The Power Of A Conversation

I saw this line in a recent Wells Fargo Bank commercial. In the ad, they portrayed their banking counselors as courteous, helpful, and full of useful insights. But most of all, they wanted to convince people to come into the bank and just “engage in a conversation”.

It's a great concept, and I am recommending it to you. Except, I want you to turn the idea around. I want you to focus on having a conversation with your customers. Many of them. Non-customers and former customers as well.

In most small businesses, the owner was the original salesperson. He spoke with all of the customers, fielded all of the calls from prospects, and had first-hand knowledge of what was going on in the marketplace.

Then, things got busier. The business expanded, and many of the routine sales duties were handed out to others. Unfortunately, the owner (now Chief Operations Officer) began to loose contact with his best source of information about his customer base.

So how do you cure this problem? Just go have a series of conversations with various members of your target audience.

• Don't leave this to your sales staff.  They are too focused on closing another sale today.
  
• Don't rely on your marketing person to tell you what your customers think. They may be too “inbred” to be really objective.
  
• Don't rely on your customer support people. They're focused on giving customers quick solutions, them moving on.

You really need to do this yourself. Here are some thoughts on how to do it effectively.

With whom should you converse?

Start with your best customers. Actually, that may not be strictly true. You should stay in touch with your best accounts, but keep in mind that they may not be representative of your overall market. Oftentimes, the names at the top of the customer list are there because of special relationships, or unique product packaging, or other circumstances that aren't relevant to your other customers. So, for the purpose of this survey, you might start with accounts further down the list. They may be more typical.

How should you organize this conversation?

Ask if you can stop in and see them for a few minutes. Get out of the office and go to them. Let them know you just want a conversation about your business relationship, your products, and the market. Make sure they understand you aren't there to ask for an order. Maybe even take them out to lunch, in small groups. That can help the conversational atmosphere.

What should you ask?

The purpose is to get deeper insight into your customer's needs, their thoughts about your organization and the competition, and ideas about where the market is headed. Get them to talk about the issues that are most important to them, and you will develop a good picture of market expectations.

And how should you respond?

Consider this a general research project, not a problem-solving event. The important outward response is a simple Thank You for taking the time to meet.

The important inward response is your analysis of the ideas, trends, and patterns found. You may uncover some nuggets of gold here that will help you devise innovative solutions to your customer's problems.

So, there's this week's advice. Get out of the office. Engage your customers in some casual (yet productive) conversation. Don't ask them for an order. Just listen to the things that they think are important.

Your future lies in there, somewhere.

Leadership Comes in Three Forms

I read a good book recently.

Actually, I've read several good books recently, but only a few have any bearing on the subject of this blog: Small Business Marketing Strategy. One that does, and has some trenchant philosophy to offer (translation: the author agrees with me), is:

The Discipline of Market Leaders
       Choose your customers, Narrow your focus, Dominate your market.
        by Michael Treacy and Fred Wiersema.

My reading list is eclectic. I don't spend a lot of time on “Just Released Best Sellers”. I do look for solid, non-fad ideas that can be translated easily into the small business environment. Although this book takes its examples from the world of well-known corporations, the strategies still apply on the smaller scale.

The book was written about 15 years ago, and many things have changed. In fact, some of the corporate examples used in the book have fallen from favor. However, their replacements as market leaders have succeeded by using the same strategies, which is an excellent validation.

The authors cover a lot of ground, but one key element is this:

All market leaders lead in one of three ways:

1. Operational Excellence
2. Long-term Product Innovation
3. Customer Intimacy

Lets look at these one-at-a time, and go through some examples.

1. Operational Excellence

These market leaders have a well-defined target audience, they offer only a limited numbers of products or services, and they use their intense focus to squeeze out costs throughout their organization and supply chain. This allows them to offer customers a very predictable and highly reliable buying experience at a low cost.

Typical examples would be McDonalds, Costco, Dell Computers, and Southwest Airlines. These companies have brands built around their operational consistency and the low pricing that it allows. In most every industry, you can name a low cost, tightly focused, operationally excellent company that is seen as a leader, and has significant market share.


2. Long-Term Product Innovation

These market leaders are often at the other end of the pricing scale, but they succeed because of their product reputation. A prime factor here is the words “Long Term”. This isn't the company with the latest, greatest product. Its the company with a tradition of innovation that has been earned over several generations of new products.

Some examples here would include, Johnson & Johnson, Apple, Nike, and Disney. One example used in the book was Sony, which was certainly a product leader for many years, but may have fallen by the wayside now. Then new leader in TV's might be Panasonic, and Virgin Atlantic might fit in this bracket in the airline industry.

Once you have a reputation for product excellence and innovation, the market rewards you with the ability to charge higher prices and earn higher margins. Its the long term performance that develops the brand, and its the brand that allows customers to feel justified in paying a higher price.

3. Customer Intimacy

With the advent of liberalize TV advertising standards, this term has taken on a new meaning. In this context, however, it means the ability of a company to truly understand all of the buying needs of the customer, and to offer customized solutions. In some sense, this is the opposite of the highly focused, “operational excellence” company.

Not that these companies aren't good at what they do. Rather, they offer a variety of products and services in an effort to create a unique solution for each customer. And, they charge for it. This type of market leader is going after the customer that can’t find exactly what they want off-the-shelf and are willing to pay more to get a precise solution to their problem. Some examples here would include IBM and Johnson Controls.

In this scenario, the company looks to create a long-term relationship with the customer, and seeks a deep insight into their needs. They also study how they customer benefits from the products / services offered. This deep knowledge allows the company to tailor solutions that fit the situation. The relationship has value to the customer, and is reflected in a higher pricing structure.

Applying these models to small business

In the Operational Excellence model, the secret is limiting your offerings and finding ways to squeeze costs out of your operations and supply chain. It is these cost reductions that allow for low prices while maintaining reasonable margins. I have some service-provider clients who have increased their use of automation, allowing them to offer faster results at lower cost than their local competition.

The Product Leadership model is harder to implement as a small business, because few of them actually create the products they sell. An exception, obviously, is the restaurant business, where many small operations have been successful by offering unique products and presentations to their customers. Another approach is to associate your business with a national product leader, such as offering specialized training and add-ons to Apple products, or becoming a local service outlet for a manufacturer with a major reputation.

Due to the close relationship between most small businesses and their customers, the Customer Intimacy approach may well have the most potential. I don't recommend trying to offer everything to everybody. Rather, you should pick a niche you want to specialize in, and then carry a combination of products and services that let your customers feel like they are getting a customized solution. You should also look for ways to make your business an integral part of their business success.

And now, the really hard part!

For each of these three models to succeed, they must be fully integrated into every aspect of your business operations. These are not simplistic “marketing veneers” that can be slapped on top of your existing business plan. They must be engineered into everything you do, and must be the focus of every customer interaction you have.

It took years for IBM to leave behind its Big Iron business and to get into services and consulting. It took even more time for the buying public to see how they had changed, and for them to once-again regain their leadership position.

The same can be said for most of the examples mentioned above. This isn't a quick solution to the problems of a mediocre brand, but it is an effective one.


Wiersema and Treacy have updated this great book. The new edition is entitled:

        The New Market Leaders: Who is winning and how in the battle for customers.

Fred Wiersema has written several other books about superior customer service. More information,  click here

The GE Marketing Position Strategy

General Electric is rather unique in the world of business these days: they operate as a conglomerate. A popular business format in the 70's, the conglomerate lost its luster in later decades as some of the largest ones imploded. But GE seems to be able to pull it off. And a key reason is their Market Position Analysis.

General Electric has numerous divisions and makes a wide variety of products, including:

• Wind Turbines
• Power Plant Generators
• Airplane Engines
• Advanced Healthcare Screening Devises
• Locomotive Engines
• They own ½ of NBC Universal
• and they do a dozen other things

I was intrigued with a key financial tool they used for managing investment across their various product lines. The process starts with an honest assessment of where each product ranked in its own marketplace. Each product was evaluated, and put into one of three categories:

1.) If the product was ranked among the top three in its industry / market segment, it was provided the investment necessary to keep it there.

2.) If the product was not in the top three but had strong growth potential in the near term, it was given the investment necessary to get it into the top three.

3.) If the product wasn't in the top three, and wasn't likely to get there, the investment of new funds was stopped, the division was milked for cash or, often, sold.

Here's the reason:

The top three companies in any market generally offer strong value, and have the pricing power to earn reasonable profits.

All of the other companies in the market end up competing on price, and earn little or no profits.

So GE invested its capital in products that were proven winners, and products that had strong potential growth. It cut its losses on those that never really made it, or had run their course.

Applying the lesson to small business

Contrary to the logic used by many entrepreneurs, a small business needs to be even more focused than its larger competitors. Here's why:

• The small operation has even less cash available to invest in non-winners.
• The small operation has even less management capacity to invest in low-profit lines of business.

We strongly recommend that each business periodically undertake a Line Of Business Review. This LOB analysis should be run for each segment of your operations (either product or services). It should detail not only your sales per each LOB, but also look at customer groupings and net profits for each segment.

It can be a lengthy process to do all of this analysis, but the results will help you do a better job of tailoring your business for the future.

Practical Tip of the Day:

Once you have completed your LOB analysis, ask yourself three questions:

1.  Which products are at the top of their field, and could justify a margin increase?
2.  Which products could be enhanced to get them to the top of their field?
3.  Which products could be dropped without having a negative impact on your bottom line?